Add-on cards, also known as expansion cards, are hardware components inserted into expansion slots on a motherboard—typically PCIe slots—to extend a server’s functionality.

These cards enable specialized performance beyond the system’s native capabilities, including enhanced network connectivity, accelerated processing, and advanced storage management.

Common types include GPU cards for high-performance computing, network interface cards (NICs) for increased bandwidth or redundancy, and RAID controller cards for managing storage arrays.

Host Bus Adapters (HBAs) connect servers to external storage networks, while FPGA or ASIC cards serve niche applications such as real-time data processing or Bitcoin mining.

NVMe add-on cards are used to expand fast solid-state storage options, especially when default slots are limited. In data center environments—especially immersion-cooled sites—add-on cards must be vetted for thermal tolerance, fluid compatibility, and power draw to ensure operational integrity and uptime.

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