theory
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FutureBit’s HashFly experiment uses a simulated fruit-fly neural network to explore Bitcoin hashing and the theoretical energy limits of computing beyond silicon.
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Bitmain’s new 8.9 J/TH S23 XP Hyd. gives the Bitcoin Mining Singularity model a new real-world test of whether ASIC efficiency gains are beginning to slow.
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As humanoid robots become more autonomous and human-like, existing law offers clues about whether machines could someday receive protections beyond ordinary property law.
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Researchers are using optimal-control mathematics to sharply reduce the simulated energy required to switch magnetic states, pointing toward more efficient future memory devices.
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Researchers are using optimal-control mathematics to explore how magnetic memory could switch states with far less energy and move closer to a fundamental thermodynamic limit.
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A 62-day underground experiment at Gran Sasso found no radiation signature predicted by a generalized Károlyházy gravity-induced quantum decoherence model, narrowing one possible explanation for the quantum-to-classical transition.
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Power Efficiency Theory provides a framework for measuring the value progression of proof-of-work systems using observable changes in computational performance and energy efficiency. The Power Efficiency Index, or PEI, organizes that framework around several distinct price points: physical price, relative price and actual price. Physical price establishes the observed reference point, while relative price represents…
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Bitcoin valuation models often begin with the same problem and arrive at very different answers. PlanB, known online as @100trillionUSD, introduced the Bitcoin Stock-to-Flow model in 2019 as a way to quantify scarcity and relate Bitcoin’s programmed supply schedule to market value. The Power Efficiency Index, developed by BitcoinVersus.tech, approaches valuation from the physical side…
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Ethereum Classic presents one of the more unusual Power Efficiency Index (PEI) profiles among major proof-of-work networks. Over the four-year window, ETC’s rate of compute has not expanded in a straight line. In fact, network hashrate remains below the extraordinary post-Merge surge seen in 2022. At the same time, EtHash mining hardware has become dramatically…
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The Power Efficiency Index (PEI) is a mathematical valuation model within Power Efficiency Theory that compares changes in computational performance and energy efficiency with the market price of a proof-of-work asset. Developed by bitcoinversus.tech, PEI measures the growth in a network’s rate of compute alongside improvements in the energy required per unit of computation. In…
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Using DASH’s 2022 physical price of $32.11 as the starting anchor produces a very different valuation trajectory from the one visible in today’s market. DASH’s X11 network was operating around 5.24 PH/s in January 2022, compared with roughly 2.69 PH/s today, representing an approximately 49% contraction in rate of compute. Meanwhile, DASH’s yearly physical prices…
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Power Efficiency Theory (PET) argues that the value of a physical or computational system should be influenced by two things improving at the same time: its performance increases and its energy cost per unit of output declines. In proof-of-work networks, this can be measured through factors such as network hashrate, mining-machine output, and ASIC efficiency.…
