Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART) is a monitoring system embedded in computer hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). Its primary function is to detect and report various indicators of drive reliability, aiming to anticipate potential hardware failures. ​

When SMART data suggests an imminent drive failure, software on the host system can alert the user, allowing for proactive measures to prevent data loss, such as replacing the failing drive.

Each drive manufacturer defines a set of SMART attributes and threshold values that should not be exceeded under normal operation.

These attributes monitor aspects like read error rates, spin-up times, and temperature variations, providing a comprehensive overview of the drive’s health. ​

It’s important to note that while SMART can predict certain types of drive failures, it isn’t foolproof. Some failures may occur without prior warning from the SMART system, underscoring the importance of regular data backups.

For users experiencing performance issues or suspecting drive failures, running advanced diagnostic tests is advisable. Many drive manufacturers offer utilities designed to assess drive health and functionality, complementing the SMART system’s capabilities.

Incorporating SMART monitoring into regular maintenance routines can significantly enhance data security and drive reliability, ensuring that potential issues are identified and addressed before leading to critical failures.

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