Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and more—over the internet rather than through local infrastructure.

It offers organizations flexibility, scalability, and reduced upfront costs by eliminating the need for physical hardware.

The most common cloud computing types are public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud.

A public cloud is owned and operated by a third-party provider such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud, where services are delivered over the internet to multiple organizations simultaneously. Private clouds, on the other hand, are dedicated to a single organization, providing greater control and security but often requiring more in-house management.

Hybrid clouds combine elements of public and private clouds, enabling businesses to keep sensitive data in-house while leveraging public cloud resources for scalability.

Community clouds are shared among organizations with common concerns, such as regulatory compliance or security.

Cloud computing services are often delivered using different models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources such as virtual machines, storage, and networks over the internet, giving users full control over operating systems and applications (e.g., Amazon EC2).

PaaS offers a managed platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications without worrying about underlying infrastructure (e.g., Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Services).

SaaS delivers fully functional applications over the internet, usually on a subscription basis, such as Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.

Each model has its strengths depending on the user’s needs—SaaS is ideal for end-users seeking ready-to-use applications, PaaS benefits developers who want to focus on coding, and IaaS suits system administrators who need flexibility in managing systems.

Other important concepts in cloud computing include resource pooling, rapid elasticity, measured service, and on-demand self-service. Resource pooling allows cloud providers to serve multiple customers using a multi-tenant model where resources are dynamically assigned as needed.

Rapid elasticity ensures that resources can scale up or down quickly in response to demand. Measured service means that cloud resource usage is monitored, controlled, and reported for both provider and consumer transparency.

On-demand self-service allows users to provision computing resources automatically without requiring human interaction with the provider. Cloud computing has become a cornerstone of modern IT infrastructures, supporting everything from data storage and disaster recovery to software delivery and web hosting.

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