Linux systems commonly rely on iptables and its modern replacement nftables as core utilities for firewall configuration.

These tools allow administrators to create and manage firewall rules that filter traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and connection states. Linux firewalls operate at a very low level, offering fine-grained control of packet filtering and network traffic flow.

Administrators can create custom rule chains to accept, drop, or forward packets, allowing them to build highly customized security policies tailored to the specific needs of the system or network. Many Linux distributions also include default or recommended rulesets to secure common services like SSH, web servers, or database servers.

For users seeking simplified management, front-end tools such as ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) and firewalld are commonly used.

UFW is designed to provide a more beginner-friendly interface to iptables, allowing easy setup with simple commands like ufw allow 22/tcp to permit SSH connections.

Firewalld, commonly found in Red Hat-based distributions, manages firewall rules dynamically without restarting the firewall service and organizes rules into zones for greater flexibility.

Both methods integrate well with system logs and support IPv4 and IPv6 configurations.

Whether using low-level tools like iptables or high-level managers like ufw, Linux firewall configuration offers powerful options for securing both servers and desktops.

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