The 802.11 wireless standards represent a series of specifications developed by the IEEE for wireless local area networking (WLAN).

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The original 802.11 standard, established in 1997, supported data rates up to 2 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band but quickly became obsolete.

The 802.11a standard, released in 1999, introduced operation in the 5 GHz frequency band and increased speeds to 54 Mbps, though its range was limited.

Simultaneously, 802.11b extended the range while operating at a maximum speed of 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band, making it one of the first widely adopted Wi-Fi standards.

The subsequent 802.11g standard (2003) combined the benefits of 802.11a’s higher speed (54 Mbps) with 802.11b’s range by using the 2.4 GHz band, ensuring backward compatibility.

A significant advancement came with 802.11n, also known as Wi-Fi 4, introduced in 2009. It supported speeds up to 600 Mbps and operated on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, using MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) technology to improve performance.

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The 802.11ac standard, or Wi-Fi 5, followed in 2013, delivering data rates of up to 3.5 Gbps over the 5 GHz band with features like MU-MIMO (Multi-User MIMO) to enable simultaneous connections for multiple devices.

The most recent iteration, 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6), launched in 2019, provides speeds up to 10 Gbps and operates on both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, using advanced technologies like OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) to enhance efficiency in high-density environments.

Each standard represents the evolution of wireless networking, addressing the needs for higher speeds, broader coverage, and improved reliability.

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