Multiple governments and sovereign wealth funds are exploring the establishment of strategic Bitcoin reserves, influenced by the United States’ recent policy shift under President Donald Trump. In March 2025, Trump signed an executive order creating a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, utilizing over 200,000 BTC seized by U.S. authorities.

This reserve is intended to be held indefinitely as a national asset, without plans for active market purchases. The executive order also established a Digital Asset Stockpile for other cryptocurrencies obtained through legal forfeitures .​

Following the U.S. initiative, several countries have begun considering similar strategies. The Czech National Bank’s governor, Aleš Michl, proposed allocating up to 5% of the country’s €140 billion reserves into Bitcoin, aiming to diversify holdings despite acknowledging the asset’s volatility.

Bhutan has been mining Bitcoin using hydroelectric power, accumulating a significant reserve relative to its economy.

In the private sector, Cantor Fitzgerald has partnered with SoftBank, Tether, and Bitfinex to launch Twenty One Capital, a $3.6 billion venture acquiring 42,000 BTC. This makes it the third-largest Bitcoin reserve globally, modeled after MicroStrategy’s investment approach

Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, is advising multiple governments on forming digital asset regulations and establishing national Bitcoin reserves. This advisory role follows Binance’s efforts to reset its global image under CEO Richard Teng, emphasizing compliance and aiding sovereign wealth funds with crypto reserve strategies.

Critics argue that establishing Bitcoin reserves may not enhance financial resilience due to the asset’s volatility and speculative nature. Concerns include potential risks to monetary sovereignty and the possibility of governments becoming too reliant on a highly volatile asset.

Despite differing opinions, the trend of governments and institutions exploring strategic Bitcoin reserves signifies a notable shift in the global financial landscape, with digital assets gaining increased attention as potential components of national reserves.

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