UEFI, or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, is the modern replacement for traditional BIOS in today’s computers. It is the firmware layer that initializes hardware components and passes control to the operating system during the boot process.
UEFI offers several advantages over BIOS, including support for larger drives (over 2 TB), faster boot times, a graphical user interface with mouse support, and more robust security features like Secure Boot.
Unlike BIOS, which uses the MBR (Master Boot Record) partitioning scheme, UEFI uses GPT (GUID Partition Table).
This allows UEFI systems to boot from disks with many more partitions and much larger capacities. Additionally, UEFI can access more system memory at startup and includes built-in diagnostics, allowing more flexible and intelligent management of the system’s hardware state.
One of UEFI’s critical features is Secure Boot, which checks the digital signature of the bootloader to ensure the system hasn’t been tampered with by malware or unauthorized code.
UEFI also stores boot configuration data in a special partition known as the EFI System Partition (ESP). Technicians must be able to navigate the UEFI interface to change boot order, enable virtualization (VT-x/AMD-V), manage TPM settings, and configure hardware controllers like SATA or RAID.
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