The power supply unit (PSU) is the heart of a PC’s electrical system, converting AC wall power into usable DC voltages for internal components.
Technicians must understand not just how many watts a system needs, but how rails and amperage affect power delivery.
A PSU’s wattage rating indicates the maximum combined power it can deliver, typically ranging from 300W to 1000W+.
However, it’s not only about total wattage—individual voltage rails matter. The +12V rail powers high-demand components like CPUs and GPUs, while +5V and +3.3V rails serve logic circuits, RAM, and storage.
Some PSUs use a single-rail design, delivering all +12V power through one circuit. Others use a multi-rail configuration, dividing power across several +12V lines.
This can improve fault isolation and distribute load, but requires balancing connections to avoid overload on one rail.
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