Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a dedicated chip embedded on a computer’s motherboard, designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys.
It stores sensitive information such as encryption keys, digital certificates, and passwords in a tamper-resistant environment.
TPM is commonly used for:
- BitLocker drive encryption
- Secure Boot validation
- Windows Hello biometric authentication
- Digital Rights Management (DRM)
- Storing Platform Configuration Registers (PCRs) to track system state
The current standard is TPM 2.0, which is required by modern operating systems like Windows 11.
TPM can be either firmware-based or discrete (hardware chip). Technicians should know how to enable or disable TPM in UEFI, and how TPM impacts security protocols like full-disk encryption.
During troubleshooting or upgrades, technicians should verify whether TPM is present and active using tools like:
tpm.mscin Windows- UEFI Security Settings
- Windows Security > Device Security
Knowing how TPM works helps prevent unauthorized access to encrypted systems, and understanding its limitations is vital in secure deployments and hardware replacements.
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