Reflection occurs when an optical signal traveling through a fiber encounters a change in refractive index—typically at a connector, mechanical splice, or fiber break—and part of the light is reflected back toward the transmitter.

This backward-propagating light can interfere with the source, especially in systems using lasers, and may degrade signal quality or cause instability.

The magnitude of reflection depends on the surface finish, alignment, and presence of anti-reflective measures like angled physical contact (APC) connectors.

Reflection is a physical phenomenon, while Return Loss is its quantitative expression.

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