Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) is the original analog telephone system that laid the foundation for modern voice communication.

Operating over twisted-pair copper wires, POTS transmits voice signals as continuous electrical waveforms.

It uses a circuit-switched network, meaning each call establishes a dedicated line between two endpoints, ensuring consistent voice quality.

One of its defining features is that it’s powered by the telephone exchange itself, allowing phones to function even during power outages.

With a limited bandwidth of roughly 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz, POTS is optimized for voice but not data.

Though largely replaced by digital technologies like VoIP and cellular networks, POTS remains a symbol of reliable, straightforward communication—especially in rural or legacy systems.

Its simplicity, durability, and independence from external power sources made it a staple of telephony for over a century.

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