Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a networking standard that delivers DC electrical power along with data signals through standard twisted-pair Ethernet cabling (typically Cat5e, Cat6, or higher).

This innovation eliminates the need for separate power cords or outlets near devices, simplifying installation and reducing infrastructure costs.

PoE works by injecting power into the Ethernet cable from a Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE)—such as a PoE switch or injector—and delivering it to a Powered Device (PD) like an IP camera, wireless access point, VoIP phone, or IoT sensor. The technology is governed by IEEE standards:

• IEEE 802.3af: Up to 15.4W per port
• IEEE 802.3at (PoE+): Up to 30W per port
• IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++ or 4PPoE): Up to 60W or 90W per port

PoE uses either spare wire pairs or data pairs in the Ethernet cable to transmit power, depending on the standard and device compatibility. It supports data rates of 10/100/1000 Mbps and can power devices up to 100 meters away.

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