A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a web interface that lets clients and servers communicate using simple, predictable rules based on standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
It treats data as resources identified by URLs, and each request represents a specific action on those resources, such as retrieving, creating, updating, or deleting them.
REST APIs are stateless, meaning every request contains all the information needed to process it, and the server does not store session data between calls.
Responses are typically returned in JSON, making them easy for applications to parse and use.
Because REST follows consistent patterns and relies on widely supported web standards, it enables scalable, flexible, and language‑agnostic communication between systems.
A REST API also enforces clear architectural constraints that make distributed systems more reliable and scalable. Because each resource is uniquely addressable by a URL and every interaction uses standardized HTTP semantics, REST naturally supports caching, load balancing, and horizontal scaling across many servers.
Its stateless design reduces server overhead and simplifies fault recovery, while its use of uniform data formats like JSON allows different languages, platforms, and devices to communicate without compatibility issues.
These characteristics have made REST one of the most widely adopted patterns for web services, powering everything from mobile apps and cloud platforms to IoT devices and large enterprise systems.
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