Tech Docs
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OTDR, or Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, operates by injecting a series of short laser pulses into one end of an optical fiber and measuring the light that is scattered or reflected back from points along the fiber. This backscattered light—primarily due to Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflections—is captured by a photodetector within the OTDR, and…
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Cleaving fiber is a controlled mechanical process used to prepare optical fibers for splicing or termination by creating a clean, flat break at the end of the fiber. The goal is to produce an end face that is perpendicular to the fiber’s axis with minimal surface defects, which is critical for achieving low insertion loss…
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The most commonly known fiber connectors among fiber optic technicians are SC, LC, ST, FC, and MPO. Each has distinct physical characteristics and use cases, with SC and LC dominating modern deployments. SC (Subscriber Connector)The SC connector is a square-shaped, push-pull style fiber optic connector with a 2.5 mm ferrule. It’s widely used in telecom…
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A splice-on connector is a type of fiber optic connector that allows technicians to fusion splice a pre-polished fiber stub housed within the connector body directly to a field fiber, combining the precision and low-loss performance of factory-terminated connectors with the flexibility of on-site installation. Splice-on connectors are ideal for high-performance environments where mechanical splicing…
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Fusion splicing is the process of permanently joining two optical fibers end-to-end by fusing them together using an electric arc. The goal is to align the fiber cores precisely and create a continuous optical path that minimizes signal loss and reflection. When properly done, the joint is almost as strong as the original fiber and…
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An OTDR, or Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, is a diagnostic instrument used to analyze the integrity and performance of fiber optic cables. It works by launching a series of high-speed optical pulses into the fiber and measuring the light that is scattered or reflected back due to imperfections, splices, connectors, or breaks. By calculating the…
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Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a dedicated chip embedded on a computer’s motherboard, designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys. It stores sensitive information such as encryption keys, digital certificates, and passwords in a tamper-resistant environment. TPM is commonly used for: The current standard is TPM 2.0, which is required by modern operating systems…
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A thermal printer uses heat to transfer images onto paper. It comes in two types: Consumables and Maintenance Direct thermal printers require only thermal paper, while thermal transfer printers need both ribbon and label stock.Maintenance includes: Technicians must also check for signs of printhead wear, incorrect temperatures, or paper with poor heat response when troubleshooting…
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Every desktop computer relies on a Power Supply Unit (PSU) to convert wall electricity into usable voltage levels that safely power internal components. The PSU takes in AC (Alternating Current) and outputs DC (Direct Current) in multiple voltages—typically +12V, +5V, and +3.3V—distributed to the motherboard, CPU, storage devices, and GPU. Without proper power regulation, even…
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The snmpwalk command is used to perform a series of network management requests to a specific device using an IP address(example: 10.31.10.101),starting from the OID 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1, using SNMPv3. Reference record for OID: Website to interpret OID Adresses snmpwalk -v3 -l authPriv -u l1monitor -a MD5 -A GEe9bb8h -x DES -X 4ixay7su 10.36.10.108 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1snmpwalk: This is…
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Esptool.py is a Python-based utility created by Espressif for flashing firmware onto ESP8266 and ESP32 chips. It operates cross-platform—working on Windows, Linux, and macOS—and is executed from the command line using Python. Although its name ends in .py, users interact with it using simple terminal commands, not actual Python code. The command-line arguments passed to…
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ERCOT (The Electric Reliability Council of Texas) is the independent system operator that manages the flow of power for about 90 percent of Texas, serving more than 27 million customers and coordinating more than 54,100 miles of transmission and roughly 1,250 generation units; it oversees real time dispatch and market settlement for the state’s competitive…
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