By Jules Porter | October 10, 2026
Immersion-cooled Bitcoin miners are now pushing past 400 TH/s in a single factory-built machine. This ranking looks at raw SHA-256 hashrate rather than efficiency, and it includes only miners designed by the manufacturer for immersion cooling.
Hydro miners are excluded, as are ordinary air-cooled ASICs that operators later convert for immersion tanks. Where a miner supports multiple manufacturer-approved operating modes, this ranking uses the highest published supported hashrate, even if that faster mode consumes more watts per terahash.
| Rank | Miner | Maximum published hashrate | Cooling | Efficiency at ranked mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bitmain Antminer S23 Immersion | 442 TH/s | Immersion | 12 J/TH |
| 2 | Auradine Teraflux AI3680 | 365 TH/s | Single-phase immersion | 19 J/TH turbo |
| 3 | MicroBT WhatsMiner M66S++ | 356 TH/s | Immersion | 15.5 J/TH |
| 4 | MicroBT WhatsMiner M66S+ | 318 TH/s | Immersion | 17 J/TH |
| 5 | Bitmain Antminer S21 Immersion | 301 TH/s | Immersion | 18.5 J/TH HEM |
1. Antminer S23 Immersion — 442 TH/s
The Antminer S23 Immersion is the most powerful factory-built immersion miner in this ranking at 442 TH/s. Current model references pair that hashrate with roughly 5,304 W, or 12 J/TH. That makes the S23 Immersion unusual: it leads this list in hashrate while also outperforming every other machine here on miner-level efficiency.
The S23 Immersion also took the number-one spot in our 2026 immersion-efficiency ranking, so operators do not have to choose between the highest hashrate and the lowest nameplate J/TH in this category.
2. Auradine Teraflux AI3680 — 365 TH/s
Auradine’s Teraflux AI3680 reaches 365 TH/s in the manufacturer’s published turbo mode. Auradine’s current datasheet identifies the machine as a single-phase immersion Bitcoin miner and lists 250 TH/s at 16 J/TH in normal mode and 365 TH/s at 19 J/TH in turbo mode.
That makes the AI3680 a good example of the difference between a most powerful ranking and a most efficient ranking. Turbo mode earns it second place here, but the higher clock and voltage move it away from its most efficient operating point. Auradine’s datasheet is unusually clear about both operating modes.
3. WhatsMiner M66S++ — 356 TH/s
MicroBT’s WhatsMiner M66S++ reaches up to 356 TH/s at 15.5 J/TH. MicroBT announced the immersion model as part of its M6XS++ generation, and the company’s immersion operation guide uses the M66S++ as the reference platform for installation and maintenance.
The published operating range is roughly 314–356 TH/s, which means the exact delivered bin matters. MicroBT’s own product announcement confirms the upper-end 356 TH/s figure.
4. WhatsMiner M66S+ — 318 TH/s
The WhatsMiner M66S+ reaches up to 318 TH/s at around 17 J/TH. MicroBT’s current M6X documentation gives the M66S+ a published range of roughly 280–318 TH/s. The company’s own shop and immersion guide identify the M66S+ as part of the immersion-cooled family.
5. Antminer S21 Immersion — 301 TH/s
The standard Antminer S21 Immersion closes the top five at 301 TH/s in High Energy Mode. BITMAIN’s manual lists normal configurations as low as 215–239 TH/s, but its manufacturer-supported HEM setting raises the typical hashrate to 301 TH/s at about 5,569 W and 18.5 J/TH.
That mode matters in a hashrate ranking. The machine would sit much lower if we ranked only its normal-energy setting. BITMAIN’s S21 Immersion support page links the product manual, which documents both normal and high-energy operation.
The S21 XP Immersion Misses by 1 TH/s
The S21 XP Immersion is arguably the most painful omission. At 300 TH/s, it is more efficient than the S21 Immersion’s 301 TH/s high-energy mode, but this is a pure hashrate ranking. One extra terahash puts the standard S21 Immersion in fifth place.
Hashrate Is Not the Same as Fleet Density
Raw machine hashrate is only one part of an immersion deployment. A 442 TH/s miner may also require substantially more electrical capacity than a lower-powered alternative. Tank slot count, busway limits, PDU capacity, coolant flow, dry-cooler capacity and service access determine how much hashrate a site can actually place into a megawatt.
That is why this list should be read alongside our Your ASIC’s J/TH Is Not Your Site’s J/TH guide. Site-level performance includes pumps, heat rejection, transformer losses and the thermal system surrounding the ASIC.
Immersion Has Become a Serious Hashrate Category
The important change is not just that the S23 Immersion reached 442 TH/s. It is that three different manufacturers now offer factory immersion hardware above 350 TH/s. Immersion is no longer merely a custom cooling technique for modified air miners; it is a distinct product class with dedicated electrical, mechanical and firmware design.
For comparison with conventional fan-cooled machines, see our five most powerful air-cooled Bitcoin miners. The cooling architecture changes, but the fleet-design question stays the same: how much reliable SHA-256 compute can the site support per rack, tank, transformer and megawatt?
Methodology: Factory-built SHA-256 Bitcoin miners explicitly designed for immersion cooling. Ranking uses the highest manufacturer-supported or manufacturer-published hashrate for each distinct model, including official turbo/high-energy modes. Hydro miners and aftermarket immersion conversions are excluded. Figures checked October 10, 2026.
Primary specification references: S23 Immersion 442 TH/s configuration; Auradine AI3680 datasheet; MicroBT M66S++ launch specifications; M66-series specification table; and BITMAIN S21 Immersion manual mirror.
Editor’s Note: Maximum hashrate may require a higher-power operating mode and favorable coolant conditions. Confirm the exact model bin, firmware, inlet-fluid temperature and facility electrical design before procurement.
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