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Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) occurs when light traveling through a single-mode optical fiber splits into two orthogonal polarization components that propagate at slightly different velocities. This phenomenon is caused by random imperfections, asymmetries, and external stresses in the fiber, such as core ellipticity, bending, or temperature fluctuations. In an ideal fiber, both polarization modes would…
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Polishing fiber is the final stage in preparing an optical fiber connector, ensuring a smooth, scratch-free end face that allows for minimal signal loss and optimal light transmission. The procedure begins after the fiber has been cleaved and secured in a connector ferrule using epoxy or a mechanical fit. Once the adhesive cures, the protruding…
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WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a method of combining multiple optical signals onto one fiber strand by assigning each signal a unique wavelength. These wavelengths act like separate channels, allowing parallel transmission of data without interference. This dramatically increases the capacity of fiber networks without laying additional fiber. Each signal is generated by a laser…
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Passive Optical LAN (POL), also known as Passive Optical Local Area Network—is a high-performance, energy-efficient alternative to conventional Ethernet LANs. It’s built on Passive Optical Network (PON) technology, which uses fiber optic cables and unpowered optical splitters to deliver data from a central source to multiple user endpoints. Unlike traditional LANs that rely on switches…
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A satellite dish system is designed to receive radio signals transmitted from communication satellites orbiting the Earth, converting them into usable data for televisions, modems, or network systems. The system is composed of several key components that work together to capture, focus, and transmit these signals efficiently. The dish, also called the parabolic reflector, is…
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Fire safety in cable installations is a critical aspect of both data center and field operations, ensuring the protection of personnel, equipment, and infrastructure. The first step toward minimizing fire risk begins with selecting the correct cable type for the environment. Plenum-rated cables, labeled CMP, are designed for air-handling spaces such as ceiling voids or…
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MoCA, or Multimedia over Coax Alliance, is a technology that allows for networking over existing coaxial cable systems in homes. It enables the use of coaxial cables to create a high-speed Ethernet connection, providing a reliable and efficient way to distribute internet access throughout a home without the need for new wiring. MoCA networks can…
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Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a networking standard that delivers DC electrical power along with data signals through standard twisted-pair Ethernet cabling (typically Cat5e, Cat6, or higher). This innovation eliminates the need for separate power cords or outlets near devices, simplifying installation and reducing infrastructure costs. PoE works by injecting power into the Ethernet cable…
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Pickaxe is an open-source software agent developed for use with Foreman.mn, a Bitcoin mining management platform. It serves as the intermediary between ASIC mining hardware and the Foreman dashboard, enabling operators to collect, transmit, and visualize real-time performance data. Running locally on a computer or server within the mining environment, Pickaxe queries miners directly to…
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An Optical Loss Test Set (OLTS) is a specialized instrument used in fiber optic networks to measure the total optical loss across a fiber link. It combines a calibrated light source and a power meter to determine how much signal is lost as light travels from one end of the fiber to the other. This…
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Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) is the original analog telephone system that laid the foundation for modern voice communication. Operating over twisted-pair copper wires, POTS transmits voice signals as continuous electrical waveforms. It uses a circuit-switched network, meaning each call establishes a dedicated line between two endpoints, ensuring consistent voice quality. One of its defining…
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Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) is a type of signal interference that occurs when a transmitted signal on one wire pair induces unwanted noise onto an adjacent pair at the same end of the cable where the signal originated. NEXT is most commonly encountered in twisted-pair cabling systems, such as those used in Ethernet networks. It happens…
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful imaging technique that uses a beam of electrons transmitted through an ultrathin specimen to produce highly magnified images of its internal structure. TEM works by directing electrons through a sample that is typically less than 100 nanometers thick. As the electrons pass through, they interact with the atoms…
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A splitter in terms of coaxial cable is a passive device that divides a single incoming radio frequency signal into multiple outputs, allowing several devices such as televisions, modems, or receivers to share the same signal source. It maintains a standard impedance of 75 ohms to prevent signal reflection and distortion, ensuring stable performance across…
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A Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) is a diagnostic instrument used to detect faults, breaks, and impedance mismatches in coaxial cables by sending a signal pulse down the line and analyzing the reflections that return. When the pulse encounters a change in impedance—such as a splice, open, short, or damaged section—it reflects back to the TDR,…
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A coaxial cable is a specialized electrical cable designed to carry high-frequency signals with minimal interference. Its name comes from its concentric structure—each layer shares the same axis, which helps preserve signal integrity. Coaxial cables are widely used in applications like cable television, internet service, radio transmission, and closed-circuit video systems. At the center of…
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In telecom infrastructure, MXC is a synonym for MDF—both refer to the Main Cross-Connect, the central point where external carrier circuits interface with a building’s internal network. The Main Cross-Connect (MXC), also known as the Main Distribution Frame (MDF), is the primary physical interconnection point in a facility’s telecommunications system. It serves as the demarcation…
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A patch cord is a short, pre-terminated cable with connectors on both ends, used to connect network devices for signal or data transmission. Patch cords are essential components in structured cabling systems, enabling flexible and efficient interconnections between equipment such as switches, routers, servers, and patch panels. They are typically used in environments like data…
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The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) was originally formed in 1924 as the Radio Manufacturers Association. It evolved into a major standards body for electronic components and systems in the United States. EIA was responsible for developing specifications that ensured interoperability and quality across manufacturers, particularly in consumer electronics and telecommunications. In 1988, EIA’s telecommunications division…
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A premise cable technician specializes in installing and maintaining cabling systems within buildings or campuses. Their work typically involves running Ethernet, coaxial, and fiber optic cables through walls, ceilings, and conduits to support voice, data, and video services. These technicians are responsible for terminating cables at patch panels and jacks, testing and certifying cable runs…
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At Tesla’s annual meeting in Austin, Texas, shareholders overwhelmingly approved CEO Elon Musk’s 2025 performance-based compensation plan, with more than 75% voting in favor. The plan, potentially worth up to $1 trillion, hinges on achieving ambitious milestones such as an $8.5 trillion market capitalization and deploying one million robotaxis by 2035. The approval effectively replaces…
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A Visual Fault Locator (VFL) is a handheld optical testing device used in fiber optic networks to identify faults, breaks, or discontinuities in optical fibers. It emits a highly visible red laser light (usually around 650 nm) into the fiber, which allows technicians to visually trace the fiber path. Any break, bend, or poor connection…
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The Bitcoin Mining Air Coolant Energy Operation Equation offers a simple way for bitcoin mining engineers to translate machine count into megawatts in a language that utility operators and engineers understand. The core idea is that modern air cooled ASIC miners usually draw around 3,000 to 3,500 watts per machine, so a fleet’s IT load…
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Direct burial in fiber optics refers to the installation of specially designed fiber optic cables directly into the ground without the need for protective conduits or ducts. These cables are engineered to withstand harsh underground conditions for long-term, maintenance-free operation. Direct burial fiber optic cables are constructed with multiple protective layers to endure soil pressure,…
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Transmission in electric power systems refers to the bulk transfer of electrical energy at very high voltages (typically 115 kV to 765 kV or higher) from generating stations to major substations, using interconnected networks of overhead or underground lines designed to move large amounts of power efficiently over long distances with minimal losses. Subtransmission, by…
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You can convert Google Docs to Word on iPhone for seamless cross-platform productivity and quick document access.
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A coupler functions by redistributing light from one or more input fibers into one or more output fibers. It does this without requiring external power, relying instead on physical principles like evanescent field coupling or fused biconical taper (FBT) technology. In FBT couplers, two or more fibers are precisely fused and tapered together, allowing light…
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Alternating Current (AC) is a type of electric current characterized by a continuous and periodic reversal in the direction of charge flow, which results in a sinusoidal (or other periodic waveform) variation in voltage and current magnitude over time. Unlike Direct Current (DC), which maintains a constant polarity and direction, AC systematically oscillates between a…
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CoreThe core is the central strand of a fiber optic cable, composed of ultra-pure glass or plastic. It serves as the transmission medium for light signals. The diameter of the core depends on the fiber type—typically 9 microns for single-mode fibers and 50 or 62.5 microns for multimode. Its refractive index is slightly higher than…
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Substations are essential components of the electrical power system. They serve as the connection points between the high-voltage transmission lines and the lower-voltage distribution networks that deliver electricity to homes and businesses. At a substation, electricity is transformed from high voltage to a lower voltage, making it safe for use. This process is crucial because…
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An electrical busbar is a metallic strip, bar, rod, or tube, typically made of highly conductive materials like copper or aluminum, that functions as a central junction point for distributing electrical power. Serving as a high-capacity conductor, it collects electrical current from incoming circuits (like transformers or generators) and efficiently distributes it to multiple outgoing…
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Electrical switches are categorized in various ways, often based on their construction, actuation method, and function within a circuit. A common classification uses the Pole and Throw configuration: the Single Pole, Single Throw (SPST) is the simplest ON/OFF switch, controlling one circuit from one location, like a standard light switch. The Single Pole, Double Throw…
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System design in electrical engineering involves planning and structuring power systems to ensure efficient, reliable, and safe distribution of electrical power. Switching devices, such as switches and circuit breakers, are integral components that control the flow of electricity within these systems. Circuit breakers are specialized safety devices designed to automatically disconnect electrical circuits during overloads…
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Power distribution is the final stage of the power grid responsible for receiving bulk electric energy from the transmission system and delivering it safely, reliably, affordably, and at appropriate voltage and power quality to virtually every end-use customer—residential, commercial, and light industrial—across cities, suburbs, and rural areas. It begins at the distribution substation, where incoming…
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A battery is an electrochemical device that converts stored chemical energy directly into electrical energy (Direct Current or DC). It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells, each containing two electrodes—a positive cathode and a negative anode—which are separated by a conductive medium called an electrolyte. When an external circuit is connected, a chemical…
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OS1 and OS2 are classifications of singlemode fiber optic cable defined by their construction and performance characteristics. OS stands for “Optical Singlemode.” OS1 is typically used for indoor applications and features tight-buffered construction, supporting up to 10 km at 1310 nm and 40 km at 1550 nm. OS2 is optimized for outdoor and long-haul deployments,…
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Basic electrical properties describe how different materials respond to electric current and electric fields. The most fundamental of these is electrical conductivity, which measures how easily a material allows electric current to flow through it. Materials with high conductivity (like copper or silver) are called conductors; those with very low conductivity (like glass or rubber)…
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An atom is the fundamental unit of matter and the smallest constituent of a chemical element that retains all the chemical properties of that element. It represents the building block of all physical substances in the universe, from the simplest gases to the most complex biological organisms, and its structure dictates how elements interact, bond,…
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UPC and APC refer to two types of fiber optic connector polish styles: Ultra Physical Contact (UPC) and Angled Physical Contact (APC). UPC connectors have a flat, slightly domed end-face that provides low insertion loss and are commonly used in digital systems like Ethernet and CATV. APC connectors feature an 8-degree angled end-face that minimizes…
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A viral post by @unusual_whales on x.com revealed that President Donald Trump recently disclosed purchases totaling over $20 million in municipal bonds (and some corporate bonds) through his trust, including large positions in issuers such as American Municipal Power, Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corp, New Jersey Turnpike Authority, and various state and local authorities.…
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OM1 to OM5 refer to standardized categories of multimode optical fiber, each defined by core size, bandwidth capacity, and transmission distance. OM1 uses a 62.5 µm core and supports up to 1 Gbps over short distances, while OM2 through OM5 use a 50 µm core and are optimized for higher-speed VCSEL-based transmissions. OM3 and OM4…
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Duplex patch cords are fiber optic cables that contain two strands—one for transmitting and one for receiving optical signals, allowing bidirectional communication between devices. These cords are typically used in full-duplex systems such as Ethernet or Fibre Channel, where simultaneous send and receive operations are required. Duplex patch cords often feature connectors like LC, SC,…
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Port flapping is a network condition where a switch or router interface continuously transitions between an active (up) and inactive (down) state. This repetitive toggling disrupts link stability and can trigger frequent topology recalculations in protocols like STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), leading to packet loss, latency, and degraded performance across the network. Common causes include…
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Insertion Loss in fiber optics refers to the amount of signal power lost when a component—such as a connector, splice, or device—is inserted into the optical path. It’s measured in decibels (dB), and lower values indicate better performance. When light travels through a fiber, any interruption or interface can cause some of the signal to…
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Attenuation in fiber optics refers to the gradual weakening of an optical signal as it travels through the fiber. This loss happens because some of the light energy is absorbed by the glass material or scattered due to microscopic irregularities. It’s measured in decibels per kilometer (dB/km), and the lower the number, the better the…
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DIN EN ISO 12100 is a European machinery-safety standard that establishes the foundational principles for the design, risk assessment, and hazard mitigation of machines and machine assemblies. It defines a machine as an integrated system of connected components, including at least one moving part, powered by a source other than human or animal effort and…
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Reflection occurs when an optical signal traveling through a fiber encounters a change in refractive index—typically at a connector, mechanical splice, or fiber break—and part of the light is reflected back toward the transmitter. This backward-propagating light can interfere with the source, especially in systems using lasers, and may degrade signal quality or cause instability.…
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Amazon has announced Fastnet, its first independently owned transatlantic subsea cable project, designed to connect Maryland, USA, with County Cork, Ireland. Scheduled for completion in 2028, the system will deliver more than 320 terabits per second (Tbps) of capacity, enhancing Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure and boosting global cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) network…
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Refraction in fiber optics refers to the change in direction of light as it passes between materials of different optical densities—specifically, from air into the fiber optic core, and between the core and cladding within the fiber. This bending of light is governed by Snell’s Law and is essential for initiating and maintaining the transmission…
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Outside Plant (OSP) refers to all fiber optic infrastructure deployed outdoors—such as cables, splice enclosures, cabinets, and conduits—that connect central offices to service locations like homes, businesses, or data centers. OSP fiber networks form the backbone of modern telecommunications. They begin at a central office or headend, where optical signals originate, and extend through distribution…
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The Attenuation Profile is a continuous measurement of how much optical signal is lost as it travels through a fiber. It’s derived from OTDR traces and plotted as a slope that represents signal strength versus distance. A uniform slope indicates consistent fiber quality, while sudden drops or spikes reveal localized issues such as poor splices,…
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Fiber optic characterization is the comprehensive process of testing and analyzing a fiber optic link or network to evaluate its performance, integrity, and ability to support high-speed data transmission. It involves a series of measurements and diagnostics designed to identify optical impairments, verify design specifications, and ensure that the fiber system meets required industry standards…
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This guide outlines the essential components and step-by-step procedure for establishing an RS-485 serial connection using Ethernet and serial wiring. It is intended for technicians integrating RS-485 devices with a Mikrotik router and a metering system above a breaker panel. 1. Here are the tools you will need to set up a RS 485 Device:…
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Fiber connectors are essential components that allow optical fibers to be joined or disconnected without permanent fusion. They ensure precise alignment of the fiber cores to maintain minimal signal loss and reflection. The SC (Subscriber Connector) is one of the most common types, known for its square shape, push-pull locking mechanism, and reliability in data…
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An optical power meter is a precision instrument used in fiber optic networks to quantify the optical signal power transmitted through a fiber. It operates by converting incoming light—usually in the infrared range—into an electrical signal using a calibrated photodetector, then displaying the power level in decibel-milliwatts (dBm) or milliwatts (mW). This measurement is critical…
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Fiber optic theory is the foundational science behind the transmission of light through optical fibers, which are thin strands of glass or plastic designed to carry data in the form of light pulses. At its core is the principle of total internal reflection, where light entering the fiber core at a specific angle is reflected…
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Fiber optic splicing is a precision technique used to connect two optical fibers end-to-end, allowing light signals to pass through with minimal loss and reflection. This process is fundamental in building, repairing, and extending fiber optic networks, especially in long-haul telecommunications, data centers, and FTTH installations. The most common method is fusion splicing, which uses…
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Proper network termination matters. Every ethernet cable you build connects people, ideas, and organizations, enabling communication that strengthens relationships and drives opportunity. By following standards like T568B, we can create networks that are reliable and impactful. This 8-minute instructional video demonstrates those techniques, showing how network termination helps connect lives and build communities. T568B Ethernet…
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OTDR, or Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, operates by injecting a series of short laser pulses into one end of an optical fiber and measuring the light that is scattered or reflected back from points along the fiber. This backscattered light—primarily due to Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflections—is captured by a photodetector within the OTDR, and…
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Cleaving fiber is a controlled mechanical process used to prepare optical fibers for splicing or termination by creating a clean, flat break at the end of the fiber. The goal is to produce an end face that is perpendicular to the fiber’s axis with minimal surface defects, which is critical for achieving low insertion loss…
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An MPO test set is a specialized optical testing instrument designed to evaluate the integrity and performance of MPO fiber links by measuring insertion loss, return loss, polarity, and continuity across all fibers simultaneously. These test sets typically include an Optical Loss Test Set (OLTS) with MPO interface adapters, a Visual Fault Locator (VFL), and…
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The most commonly known fiber connectors among fiber optic technicians are SC, LC, ST, FC, and MPO. Each has distinct physical characteristics and use cases, with SC and LC dominating modern deployments. SC (Subscriber Connector)The SC connector is a square-shaped, push-pull style fiber optic connector with a 2.5 mm ferrule. It’s widely used in telecom…
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An MPO connector, short for Multi-fiber Push-On connector, is a compact, high-density fiber optic interface that accommodates multiple optical fibers—typically 8, 12, 16, or 24—in a single rectangular ferrule made of precision-molded thermoplastic. It uses a spring-loaded mechanism to maintain physical contact between fibers and is available in both male (with alignment pins) and female…
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A splice-on connector is a type of fiber optic connector that allows technicians to fusion splice a pre-polished fiber stub housed within the connector body directly to a field fiber, combining the precision and low-loss performance of factory-terminated connectors with the flexibility of on-site installation. Splice-on connectors are ideal for high-performance environments where mechanical splicing…
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Fusion splicing is the process of permanently joining two optical fibers end-to-end by fusing them together using an electric arc. The goal is to align the fiber cores precisely and create a continuous optical path that minimizes signal loss and reflection. When properly done, the joint is almost as strong as the original fiber and…
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An OTDR, or Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, is a diagnostic instrument used to analyze the integrity and performance of fiber optic cables. It works by launching a series of high-speed optical pulses into the fiber and measuring the light that is scattered or reflected back due to imperfections, splices, connectors, or breaks. By calculating the…
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On October 31, 2008, the pseudonymous creator Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin whitepaper, introducing a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that became the foundation of Bitcoin, digital assets, and modern blockchain technology. The whitepaper titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” proposed a decentralized form of money that removed the need for banks and third parties…
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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has entered into a three-year Cooperative Research & Development Agreement (CRADA) with AirJoule Technologies Corporation to convert waste heat from tactical generator and other field-systems into potable water via advanced atmospheric water generation technology. The system uses AirJoule’s patented platform to absorb moisture from ambient air…
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Locate Technologies Limited (ASX: LOC) has become the first publicly traded Australian company to adopt a dedicated Bitcoin treasury strategy, announcing an initial investment of approximately A$1 million (about 6.089 BTC at ~A$164,227 per coin) to form a long-term strategic holding. The company said the move aligns with its broader growth initiatives in global last-mile…
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In a standout experiment, more than 1,000 autonomous AI agents were deployed in a Minecraft-based simulation by Altera. These agents established roles such as farmers, traders, and villagers, created a currency via gems and built a market system in-game. One agent, dubbed “Olivia,” chose to stay in her role supporting the community rather than chase…
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Researchers at the CUNY Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) have developed a novel material named “Diamene,” composed of exactly two atomic-thick sheets of Graphene, which remains flexible under normal conditions but dramatically hardens to diamond-like stiffness when subjected to sudden impact or pressure. The key breakthrough is the discovery that when two graphene layers are…
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NBA superstar Ja Morant was recently photographed wearing a black shirt featuring the word “Satoshi,” referencing the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin. According to Bitcoin News on X, the Memphis Grizzlies guard’s appearance in the crypto-themed apparel quickly circulated across social media, igniting discussions within the Bitcoin community about the growing influence of cryptocurrency culture among…
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Mawson Infrastructure Group Inc. (NASDAQ: MIGI) announced two significant corporate developments that signal renewed stability and technological expansion. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has officially dismissed the involuntary Chapter 11 petition previously filed against the company by certain Australian-based entities. The dismissal removes a cloud of legal uncertainty that had surrounded…
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Late in the second quarter, Wembanyama recorded back-to-back shot blocks before sprinting up the floor and draining a 30-foot three-pointer to close the half. The sequence underlines how a 7-foot-5 athlete is now bringing the ball up the court and shooting deep threes at will. Analysts call him a “once-in-a-generation” talent as his blend of…
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Football star Antonio Brown was spotted in Dubai setting up his first-ever bitcoin mining rig, marking a personal leap into crypto-mining culture. While specific details of the rig weren’t disclosed, the location aligns with Dubai’s growing role as a global hub for crypto-infrastructure. This installation underscores two broader trends. First, celebrities and athletes are further…
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NBA champion and tech-investor Tristan Thompson posted on X that “Bitcoin is the retirement plan for a generation that doesn’t trust the system.” Thompson has emerged as an outspoken advocate for Bitcoin and broader crypto adoption. He has publicly discussed how athletes and younger investors are turning toward digital assets as a long-term savings vehicle. Several…
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According to a report by Reuters, major U.S. banks including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup and Wells Fargo are in early-stage discussions about launching a jointly issued stablecoin. According to The Wall Street Journal, those discussions may involve entities co-owned by the banks such as Early Warning Services and The Clearing House, and seek…
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Omron Corporation has introduced FORPHEUS, a table tennis robot powered by artificial intelligence and advanced robotics designed to analyze an opponent’s movements, spin, and ball trajectory in real time. It returns shots with exceptional precision, learning and adapting as it plays. The system uses high speed cameras and sensors mounted above the table to track…
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Anduril Industries has unveiled its latest battlefield wearable called EagleEye, a mixed-reality helmet designed to bring real-time mission command, live sensor feeds and AI-assisted alerts directly into a soldier’s field of view. The system integrates a daytime and night-vision HUD, spatial audio, a 360-degree sensor suite and on-board artificial intelligence that fuses data from drones…
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Strategy Inc. (ticker: STRC), a subsidiary of MicroStrategy Incorporated, announced the annual dividend rate on its preferred stock has been raised to 10.25%. The increase follows earlier reports the rate stood at 10% and rises to 10.25% starting with dividends for the period ending October 31. Saylor posted on his X account: “Stretch your income.…
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Opendoor’s CEO Kaz Nejatian responded on X to a user asking if the company would allow Bitcoin payments for home purchases with the reply: “We will. Just need to prioritize it.” Nejatian clarified that sellers would not need to accept cryptocurrency themselves; Opendoor would handle Bitcoin-to-USD conversion internally. No formal timeline or rollout details were…
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a fundamental component of IPv4 networking that enables devices within a local area network (LAN) to discover the physical hardware address (MAC address) associated with a given IP address. Operating at the intersection of the OSI model’s Data Link (Layer 2) and Network (Layer 3) layers, ARP facilitates the translation…
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TeraWulf has entered into two 10-year high-performance computing (HPC) colocation agreements with Fluidstack to deliver over 200 MW of critical IT load at its Lake Mariner campus in Western New York. Contracted revenue for the first ten years is approximately US$3.7 billion, with lease extension options that could raise the total to about US$8.7 billion.…
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According to public sources, Bitchat is a decentralized peer‑to‑peer messaging app built by Jack Dorsey that runs entirely over Bluetooth Low Energy mesh networks and functions offline without internet or mobile service. The application supports encrypted direct messaging and group “rooms”, operates anonymously with no accounts or servers, and includes a panic mode that wipes…
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On February 12, 2025, scientists from CEA-IRFM successfully sustained a hydrogen plasma inside the WEST tokamak in Cadarache, France, for 1,337 seconds—equivalent to 22 minutes and 17 seconds—surpassing China’s EAST tokamak record of 1,066 seconds by approximately 25%. Plasma temperature reached 50 million °C (90 million °F)—roughly three times hotter than the Sun’s core—demonstrating improved heating and stability over…
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Per Business Insider Africa on Instagram, Violia has developed a system to convert decommissioned wind turbine blades into usable material for cement manufacturing, offering an environmentally effective reuse strategy. Wind turbine blades—typically made of fiberglass composites—are notoriously difficult to recycle. Violia first shreds them into football-sized chunks before finer grinding and sorting. Violia receives retired…
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Secure Shell, commonly known as SSH, is a cryptographic network protocol used to establish secure and encrypted communication between two systems over an unsecured network. It allows users to remotely access and control another computer, typically through a command-line interface. SSH ensures that all data, including login credentials and command outputs, are encrypted to prevent…
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Figure AI announced on August 12, 2025 that its humanoid platform folded laundry fully autonomously. Company materials state that engineers reused the Helix end to end neural network with no architectural or hyperparameter changes and only added a new dataset, marking a first for humanoids with multi fingered hands performing laundry folding without teleoperation. According…
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Intel and Nvidia have announced a landmark collaboration that could reshape the semiconductor industry, with Nvidia investing $5 billion in Intel to co-develop custom CPUs and GPUs. As part of the deal, Nvidia will purchase Intel common stock at $23.28 per share, making it one of Intel’s largest shareholders with roughly a 4 percent stake.…
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Google has committed early‑stage capital to support Elementl Power in developing three advanced nuclear energy projects across the U.S., each designed to deliver at least 600 megawatts of continuous power. Google’s investment helps advance site permitting, connection to the grid, and other development milestones. The company gains an option to purchase electricity from the completed…
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Bitcoin mining hardware exhibits a relentless pace of technological advancement, where successive generations achieve hashrate increases previously considered unattainable. The chart models four mathematically grounded growth trajectories, demonstrating how rapidly contemporary petahash-scale systems may be superseded. Projections underscore that even conservative pathways suggest today’s performance benchmarks will soon be eclipsed. To quantify the range of…
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According to Axios, OpenAI and United Arab Emirates announced a strategic partnership to build Stargate UAE, a one‑gigawatt AI computing cluster in Abu Dhabi—with an initial 200 megawatts due online in 2026. Per Analytics India Magazine, project will be operated by OpenAI and Oracle, built by UAE tech firm G42, and supported by Cisco, NVIDIA,…
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The Zyber 8 is a new bitaxe prototype developed by Tiny Chip Hub Sources familiar with the project claim that the Zbyer 8 Supra (blue) can reach 5-7 TH/s and the Zyber 8 Gamma (purple) can reach as high as 13TH/s at about 150W/h. There is also hydro-coolant model in production. All indicators suggest that…
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Marathon Digital Aims for 75 EH/s by End‑2025 with Machine Orders Secured 🚀 BitcoinVersus.Tech Editor’s Note: We volunteer daily to ensure the credibility of the information on this platform is Verifiably True. If you would like to support to help further secure the integrity of our research initiatives, please donate here BitcoinVersus.tech is not a financial…
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When installing a CPU, it’s not just about matching sockets—proper thermal contact between the CPU and its cooler is critical for stability and longevity. This is where TIM (Thermal Interface Material), commonly referred to as thermal paste, plays a vital role. It fills microscopic gaps between the metal surfaces of the CPU heat spreader and…
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The /sbin directory in Linux holds system administration commands, which are mostly used by the root user or users with administrative privileges. Commands in /sbin help control and manage core parts of the system such as filesystems, networking, and startup processes. Tools like fsck (file system check), ifconfig (network configuration), and reboot are typically located…
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Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a dedicated chip embedded on a computer’s motherboard, designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys. It stores sensitive information such as encryption keys, digital certificates, and passwords in a tamper-resistant environment. TPM is commonly used for: The current standard is TPM 2.0, which is required by modern operating systems…
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The /bin directory is where Linux keeps many of its most essential commands that are available to all users, whether they are administrators or regular users. Inside /bin, you will find programs like ls for listing directory contents, cp for copying files, and mv for moving or renaming files. These commands are so vital that…
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The Linux root directory (/) is the highest-level directory in the entire file system, acting as the central point from which everything else originates. To further clarify, the root directory (/) is the top-level of the entire Linux file system hierarchy, whereas /root is specifically the private home directory for the root (administrator) user. All…
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Marathon Digital Aims for 75 EH/s by End‑2025 with Machine Orders Secured 🚀 Key Highlights: BitcoinVersus.Tech Editor’s Note: We volunteer daily to ensure the credibility of the information on this platform is Verifiably True. If you would like to support to help further secure the integrity of our research initiatives, please donate here BitcoinVersus.tech is not…
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