Ethereum’s Glamsterdam upgrade is now live and finalized on the Sepolia testnet. The fork activated on October 6, 2026 at 13:53:36 UTC, moving one of Ethereum’s largest Layer 1 redesigns into a long-lived public test environment.

Glamsterdam is not live on Ethereum mainnet. Hoodi and mainnet dates are still undecided, and ETH holders do not need to convert, migrate or “upgrade” their coins.

Ethereum community contributor Pooja Ranjan marked the Sepolia activation as Glamsterdam entered public testing.

What Glamsterdam Changes

The Ethereum Foundation says Glamsterdam combines the Amsterdam execution-layer upgrade with the Gloas consensus-layer upgrade. Its biggest changes are enshrined proposer-builder separation, block-level access lists and new gas pricing for state growth.

The official Ethereum Glamsterdam viewing party followed the Sepolia fork as the new rules activated.

Block Building Moves Into the Protocol

EIP-7732 adds enshrined proposer-builder separation, or ePBS. Builders can construct execution payloads while validators retain the proposer role, but more of the handoff, timing and payment logic becomes part of Ethereum itself instead of relying on outside relay infrastructure.

For a ground-up explanation of the execution environment, BitcoinVersus’ EVM and smart-contract primer explains how Ethereum transactions and contracts execute.

Block-Level Access Lists Prepare for Parallel Work

EIP-7928 records which accounts and storage locations a block touches. That lets clients prepare state reads earlier and opens the door to more parallel validation instead of processing every dependency strictly in sequence.

Sepolia Is Testing Higher Capacity

Sepolia is being used to test Glamsterdam with gas limits far above current Ethereum mainnet levels. Some client configurations target 200 million gas for the test, but defaults differ, so this should not be described as a new Ethereum mainnet gas limit.

Layer 2 systems remain part of Ethereum’s scaling strategy too. BitcoinVersus documented that path when Sony launched the Soneium Ethereum Layer 2.

Prysm contributor Terence Tsao confirmed that Sepolia’s Glamsterdam upgrade had finalized.

Gas Pricing Is Being Reworked Around State Growth

Glamsterdam changes the cost of creating and accessing persistent state so fees better reflect the long-term burden on node storage. The roadmap targets a sustainable state-growth rate while still allowing Ethereum to pursue higher execution capacity.

Alchemy’s Sepolia guide notes that developers can now test contracts, gas estimation and infrastructure against the new rules before a possible mainnet activation.

Binance’s overview explains Glamsterdam, proposer-builder separation, block-level access lists and the broader Ethereum scaling roadmap.

Ethereum Keeps Moving Away From Its Mining Era

BitcoinVersus’ pre-Merge Ethereum power-efficiency analysis documents ETH’s earlier proof-of-work period. Glamsterdam belongs to the proof-of-stake era, where bottlenecks center on validators, block builders, state growth and execution-client performance rather than mining hardware.

What Is Confirmed

• Glamsterdam activated on Sepolia on October 6, 2026.
• The Sepolia fork finalized successfully.
• The upgrade tests ePBS, block-level access lists and major gas-accounting changes.
• Sepolia is testing substantially higher Layer 1 capacity.
• Hoodi and Ethereum mainnet activation dates remain unannounced.
• ETH holders do not need to migrate their ETH because of the Sepolia fork.

The key milestone is that Glamsterdam is no longer only a design document or short-lived devnet experiment. Its new rules are now running on a public Ethereum testnet where client teams and developers can find problems before any mainnet decision.

BitcoinVersus.Tech

Editor’s Note: Glamsterdam is live on Sepolia, not Ethereum mainnet. Production dates and final parameters remain subject to further testing and core-developer coordination.

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