BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is firmware stored on a chip on the motherboard that initializes hardware components and loads the operating system. BIOS interfaces are text-based, and users access them by pressing keys like DEL, F2, or ESC during system startup.

BIOS uses Legacy Boot, has limited drive support (up to 2.2 TB), and requires navigating through keyboard-only menus. While still present in some older systems, BIOS is being phased out in favor of UEFI.

What Is UEFI?

UEFI, or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, is the modern replacement for BIOS. It supports:

• Graphical menus with mouse support
• Drives over 2 TB
• Secure Boot to prevent unauthorized OS loading
• Faster boot times with more advanced diagnostics

UEFI stores its data in .efi files on the EFI System Partition (ESP) and includes a Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) for network booting.

Technicians must know how to enter both BIOS and UEFI, enable or disable virtualization, change boot order, and configure security features like Secure Boot and TPM (Trusted Platform Module).

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